Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that is naturally produced in the human body where it is primarily stored in the muscles to supply energy to the body’s cells. When creatine is metabolized, creatinine is produced and eliminated from the body through the kidneys. When kidneys aren’t functioning well, levels of creatine in the body is increased causing problems.
Decrease the amount of creatine that you consume. After eating, nutrients containing creatine first circulate through the blood and are then stored in the muscles and liver for future use. Many sports supplements, energy drinks and bars, and protein powders contain creatine. Read the labels on these products. Try to limit eating wild game, such as venison, red meat and fish, which are all dietary sources of creatine.
Increase your fluid intake. The kidneys are responsible for clearing all toxins and cleansing the blood. As it circulates through the bloodstream, excess creatine should get removed by the kidneys and flushed out with your urine. Even the slightest degree of dehydration can boost your serum creatine levels. Along with drinking more water, you can increase the amount of water-heavy foods in your diet, including citrus fruits, cucumbers, tomatoes and watermelon.
Various information about kidney disorders at our Kidney Fight Center, causes, symptoms, treatments, diet, healthy lifestyle, etc.
2013年11月21日星期四
2013年11月20日星期三
What are the best exercises for PKD patients?
Patients with PKD had better choose the sports in which impact is minimized. If the patients’ renal cysts are bigger than 4cm, they should take some ease sports such as walking, Tai Chi, jogging, etc, while they can choose a little more active sports including swimming, tennis, rowing, golf, biking, and so on.
Patients with PKD had better avoid strenuous exercise. If the renal cysts are bigger than 4cm, they should take some easy sports such as walking, Tai Chi, jogging, etc, if they condition not very severe, they can choose a little more active sports including swimming, tennis, rowing, golf, biking, and so on.
Patients with PKD should drink much water when exercising. The reason is that these patients have trouble retaining water. If they don’t drink enough water, they are more likely to dehydrate after exercise. Refer to your doctor before you have any sports drinks, because some drinks containing caffeine may increase the size of kidney cysts. In addition, you should have a short walk after every sport to make your body recover.
Patients with PKD had better avoid strenuous exercise. If the renal cysts are bigger than 4cm, they should take some easy sports such as walking, Tai Chi, jogging, etc, if they condition not very severe, they can choose a little more active sports including swimming, tennis, rowing, golf, biking, and so on.
Patients with PKD should drink much water when exercising. The reason is that these patients have trouble retaining water. If they don’t drink enough water, they are more likely to dehydrate after exercise. Refer to your doctor before you have any sports drinks, because some drinks containing caffeine may increase the size of kidney cysts. In addition, you should have a short walk after every sport to make your body recover.
2013年11月18日星期一
What are Symptoms of Renal Parenchymal Disease
Renal parenchymal disease is not a single disease. It belongs to CKD and it can be caused by a variety of kidney diseases. But they have one thing in common, that is renal parenchyma are impaired and patients will develop renal dysfunction.
As the causes are different, symptoms of renal parenchymal disease may may from person to person.
- In diabetes, it may eventually causes renal parenchymal disease and even kidney failure. Increased blood sugar in the blood will add additional force to the wall of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.
- The strain of continuously ridding the body of sugar diminishes filtering ability and eventually causes permanent damage. Protein spills into the urine instead of staying in the blood and sugar also enters the urine. Renalinsufficiency contributes to hypertension, but hypertension can also cause renal problems.
- In Lupus Nephritis, patients may suffer from foamy urine or dark urine and edema on face, eyes, legs and feet. And increased fluid retention may lead to the high blood pressure.
- In people with constant kidney stone, damage in renal cells and tissues can happen. In this conditions, bacterial infections may usually happens and cause struvite stones. Also edema, inflammation and high blood pressure are common in this conditions.
As the causes are different, symptoms of renal parenchymal disease may may from person to person.
- In diabetes, it may eventually causes renal parenchymal disease and even kidney failure. Increased blood sugar in the blood will add additional force to the wall of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.
- The strain of continuously ridding the body of sugar diminishes filtering ability and eventually causes permanent damage. Protein spills into the urine instead of staying in the blood and sugar also enters the urine. Renalinsufficiency contributes to hypertension, but hypertension can also cause renal problems.
- In Lupus Nephritis, patients may suffer from foamy urine or dark urine and edema on face, eyes, legs and feet. And increased fluid retention may lead to the high blood pressure.
- In people with constant kidney stone, damage in renal cells and tissues can happen. In this conditions, bacterial infections may usually happens and cause struvite stones. Also edema, inflammation and high blood pressure are common in this conditions.
2013年11月16日星期六
Herbal Tea Treatment For Kidney Disease
Herbal teas are made from many plants, using not just the leaves, but also the flowers, roots, bark and seeds. Some kinds of them can be helpful to lower high creatinine in Kidney Disease.
Dandelion Tea
Dandelion tea provides another option for cleansing the kidneys. According to "Prescription for Nutritional Healing," dandelion promotes the removal of waste from the kidneys. It is also used to treat nephritis, a condition in which kidney function is hindered due to inflammation. In addition to being used to cleanse the kidneys, dandelion is used to treat high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and water retention. Dandelion tea can be made by boiling the dried leaves of the plant, or it can be purchased in readily-made tea bags at most
health food stores.
Chamomile tea
Chamomile is another herb that can assist reduce creatinine levels in kidney disease, as it has high antioxidants levels. Research has shown that kidney patients who drink this tea have low levels of creatinine. This benefit lasted up to 2 weeks after treatment. Though it is generally considered safe, please consult with your doctor before taking larger amounts.
Dandelion tea provides another option for cleansing the kidneys. According to "Prescription for Nutritional Healing," dandelion promotes the removal of waste from the kidneys. It is also used to treat nephritis, a condition in which kidney function is hindered due to inflammation. In addition to being used to cleanse the kidneys, dandelion is used to treat high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and water retention. Dandelion tea can be made by boiling the dried leaves of the plant, or it can be purchased in readily-made tea bags at most
health food stores.
Chamomile tea
Chamomile is another herb that can assist reduce creatinine levels in kidney disease, as it has high antioxidants levels. Research has shown that kidney patients who drink this tea have low levels of creatinine. This benefit lasted up to 2 weeks after treatment. Though it is generally considered safe, please consult with your doctor before taking larger amounts.
2013年11月15日星期五
Can FSGS Kidney Disease Be Reversed
FSGS is an autoimmune disorder, in which the patients’ immune system is activated improperly and attacks the healthy kidney tissues and cells mistakenly, which is called hypersensitivity. If the hypersensitivity is not suppressed, it will cause the inflammation in kidneys thus affecting the normal renal function.
To reverse kidney damage in FSGS, the treatment goal is to restore the impaired filters in kidneys. The following are treatments to reverse kidney damage in FSGS?
1.To clean the blood circulation from poisons so that they kidneys can work less and relax.
2.To clean the blood circulation from poisons so that they kidneys can work less and relax
3.To reverse kidney damage and build kidney.
Immunotherapy is the latest and most advanced therapy in treating FSGS. It is a treatment that can treat disease effectively by initiating or suppressing an immune response.
On one hand, it can regulate the patients’ immune system to stop its attack to kidney tissues and cells, suppressing immune injury to kidneys.
On the other hand, it can control the symptoms of the disease by restoring the impaired kidneys. Hence, it can improve the patients’ renal function remarkably.
Immunotherapy can treat FSGS from its underlying causes. Therefore, it can reveres the disease and prevent it developing intoRenal Failure completely.
To reverse kidney damage in FSGS, the treatment goal is to restore the impaired filters in kidneys. The following are treatments to reverse kidney damage in FSGS?
1.To clean the blood circulation from poisons so that they kidneys can work less and relax.
2.To clean the blood circulation from poisons so that they kidneys can work less and relax
3.To reverse kidney damage and build kidney.
Immunotherapy is the latest and most advanced therapy in treating FSGS. It is a treatment that can treat disease effectively by initiating or suppressing an immune response.
On one hand, it can regulate the patients’ immune system to stop its attack to kidney tissues and cells, suppressing immune injury to kidneys.
On the other hand, it can control the symptoms of the disease by restoring the impaired kidneys. Hence, it can improve the patients’ renal function remarkably.
Immunotherapy can treat FSGS from its underlying causes. Therefore, it can reveres the disease and prevent it developing intoRenal Failure completely.
2013年11月12日星期二
Top 15 healthy foods for Renal(Kidney) Failure
2. Cabbage
3. Cauliflower
4. Garlic
5. Onions
6. Apples
7. Cranberries
8. Blueberries
9. Raspberries
10. Strawberries
11. Cherries
12. Red grapes
13. Egg whites
14. Fish
15. Olive oil
2013年11月10日星期日
Symptoms of chronic kidney disease stages 3
Symptoms may start to become present in stage 3, such as:
Fatigue: Feeling tired is common for people with CKD and is often caused by anemia.
Too much fluid: The kidneysmay lose their ability to control how much fluid stays in the body. A person may notice swelling (edema) in their lower legs, hands or face around the eyes. With too much fluid someone could even feel short of breath.
Urination changes: Urine may be foamy if there is protein in it, or dark orange, brown, tea colored or red if it contains blood. A person may urinate more or less, or get up at night to go to the bathroom.
Kidney pain: Most people with CKD do not have kidney pain, but with some kinds of kidney problems, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD) or infections, they may have pain in their back where the kidneys are.
Sleep problems: Some people have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Itching, muscle cramps or restless legs can keep them awake.
2013年11月9日星期六
chronic kidney disease stages
About chronic kidney disease (CKD)
With chronic kidney disease, the kidneys don’t usually fail all at once. Instead, kidney disease often progresses slowly over a period of years. This is good news because if CKD is caught early, medicines and lifestyle changes may help slow its progress and keep you feeling your best for as long as possible.
To help improve the quality of care for people with kidney disease, the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) created a guideline to help doctors identify each level of kidney disease. The NKF divided kidney disease into five stages. When the doctor knows what stage of kidney disease a person has they can provide the best care, as each stage calls for different tests and treatments.
Below shows the five stages of CKD and GFR for each stage:
Stage 1 with normal or high GFR (GFR > 90 ml/min)
Stage 2 Mild CKD (GFR = 60-89 ml/min)
Stage 3 Moderate CKD (GFR = 30-59 ml/min)
Stage 4 Severe CKD (GFR = 15-29 ml/min)
Stage 5 End Stage CKD (GFR <15 ml/min)
Dialysis or a kidney transplant needed in order to maintain health.
With chronic kidney disease, the kidneys don’t usually fail all at once. Instead, kidney disease often progresses slowly over a period of years. This is good news because if CKD is caught early, medicines and lifestyle changes may help slow its progress and keep you feeling your best for as long as possible.
To help improve the quality of care for people with kidney disease, the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) created a guideline to help doctors identify each level of kidney disease. The NKF divided kidney disease into five stages. When the doctor knows what stage of kidney disease a person has they can provide the best care, as each stage calls for different tests and treatments.
Below shows the five stages of CKD and GFR for each stage:
Stage 1 with normal or high GFR (GFR > 90 ml/min)
Stage 2 Mild CKD (GFR = 60-89 ml/min)
Stage 3 Moderate CKD (GFR = 30-59 ml/min)
Stage 4 Severe CKD (GFR = 15-29 ml/min)
Stage 5 End Stage CKD (GFR <15 ml/min)
Dialysis or a kidney transplant needed in order to maintain health.
2013年11月8日星期五
What is IgA Nephropathy
IgA nephropathy is a kidney disorder that occurs when IgA-a protein that helps the body fight infections-settles in the kidneys. After many years, the IgA deposits may cause the kidneys to leak blood and sometimes protein in the urine.
Many people with IgA nephropathy leak blood in the urine, but this leakage does not mean they will have long-term problems. Others leak both blood and protein in the urine. If too much protein leaks into the urine, the hands and feet can swell. After 10 to 20 years with IgA nephropathy, the kidneys may show signs of damage. About 25 percent of adults with IgA nephropathy develop total kidney failure. Only 5 to 10 percent of children develop total kidney failure. Symptoms of kidney failure include swelling in the hands and feet, nausea, fatigue, headaches, and sleep problems. By the time these symptoms occur, total kidney failure is near. Total kidney failure means the kidney damage is permanent. People with kidney failure need dialysis or a kidney transplant.
IgA nephropathy usually progresses slowly over many years, but the course of the disease in each person is uncertain. Some people leak blood in their urine without developing problems, some eventually achieve complete remission, and others develop end-stage kidney failure.
Many people with IgA nephropathy leak blood in the urine, but this leakage does not mean they will have long-term problems. Others leak both blood and protein in the urine. If too much protein leaks into the urine, the hands and feet can swell. After 10 to 20 years with IgA nephropathy, the kidneys may show signs of damage. About 25 percent of adults with IgA nephropathy develop total kidney failure. Only 5 to 10 percent of children develop total kidney failure. Symptoms of kidney failure include swelling in the hands and feet, nausea, fatigue, headaches, and sleep problems. By the time these symptoms occur, total kidney failure is near. Total kidney failure means the kidney damage is permanent. People with kidney failure need dialysis or a kidney transplant.
IgA nephropathy usually progresses slowly over many years, but the course of the disease in each person is uncertain. Some people leak blood in their urine without developing problems, some eventually achieve complete remission, and others develop end-stage kidney failure.
2013年11月7日星期四
What is Kidney Tumor
A kidney tumor is an abnormal mass that develops in a kidney. The kidney is a bean-shaped organ that functions as part of a person's urinary system. It helps to filter waste and extra fluids from the bloodstream, creating urine, which moves to the bladder and out of the body. People are born with two kidneys.
Kidney tumors form when cells overgrow within a kidney. Usually, older cells die and are replaced by new cells. When this process goes awry, the old cells don't die off, and new cells grow when they are not needed, creating a tumor. When a kidney tumor is benign, it is not cancerous and it does not spread to other body parts. However, tumors can sometimes impair organ function, so they may be removed surgically.
● blood in urine, which may seems dark urine or cola urine
● weight loss
● fatigue
● back pain
● mass or lump in abdomen
● swelling in leg or ankles
Kidney tumor usually rarely causes signs or symptoms in the early stages. As the kidney tumor develops into later stages, you may experience the following symptoms:
● blood in urine, which may seems dark urine or cola urine
● weight loss
● fatigue
● back pain
● mass or lump in abdomen
● swelling in leg or ankles
2013年11月6日星期三
What is Lupus Nephritis
Lupus nephritis is inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Also called lupus, SLE is an autoimmune disease. With lupus, the body's immune system targets its own body tissues. Lupus nephritis happens when lupus involves the kidneys.
Up to 60% of lupus patients will develop lupus nephritis. When the kidneys are inflamed, they can't function normally and can leak protein. If not controlled, lupus nephritis can lead to kidney failure.
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect almost any part of your body, most often your joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood, or brain. Your two kidneys are part of your renal system, which also includes two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. As the primary organs of the renal system, your kidneys are responsible for:
Maintaining the correct amount and type of body fluids
Removing waste products and toxic substances
Regulating the hormones (chemical messengers) that help control blood pressure and blood volume
Up to 60% of lupus patients will develop lupus nephritis. When the kidneys are inflamed, they can't function normally and can leak protein. If not controlled, lupus nephritis can lead to kidney failure.
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect almost any part of your body, most often your joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood, or brain. Your two kidneys are part of your renal system, which also includes two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. As the primary organs of the renal system, your kidneys are responsible for:
Maintaining the correct amount and type of body fluids
Removing waste products and toxic substances
Regulating the hormones (chemical messengers) that help control blood pressure and blood volume
2013年11月5日星期二
what is causes of end-stage renal disease
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Kidneys eliminate poisons from the body, and keep a normal balance of fluid and certain minerals in the body. When the kidneys can no longer perform this function, a person becomes very ill and ultimately dies.
In end-stage renal disease, the kidneys function at a fraction of their normal capacity. When this occurs, there are only two options: replace the job the kidneys are supposed to do by using a machine, instead (kidney dialysis) or transplant a new, healthy kidney. A single new kidney can do the work of the two kidneys.
Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Kidney disease can result from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. With either type, poor control of blood sugar increases the risk of end-stage renal disease.
End-stage kidney disease (ESRD) is when the kidneys are no longer able to work at a level needed for day-to-day life.
The most common causes of ESRD in the U.S. are diabetes and high blood pressure. These conditions can affect your kidneys.
ESRD almost always comes after chronic kidney disease. The kidneys may slowly stop working over 10 - 20 years before end-stage disease results.
2013年11月4日星期一
What is Causes of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycystic kidney disease(PKD) causes many cysts to develop in the kidneys.
The most common type is an inherited condition called autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease. With PKD, problems commonly do not develop until the
age of 30-50, with some people never developing any problems. The two common
problems that develop are high blood pressure and kidney failure. About half of
people with PKD develop kidney failure requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant
by the age of 60.
An autosomal recessive form of PKD also exists. It appears in infancy or childhood. This form is much less common than autosomal dominant PKS, but it tends to be very serious and gets worse quickly. It can cause serious lung and liver disease, end-stage kidney disease, and it usually causes death in infancy or childhood.
Persons with PKD have many clusters of cysts in the kidneys. What exactly triggers the cysts to form is unknown.
An autosomal recessive form of PKD also exists. It appears in infancy or childhood. This form is much less common than autosomal dominant PKS, but it tends to be very serious and gets worse quickly. It can cause serious lung and liver disease, end-stage kidney disease, and it usually causes death in infancy or childhood.
Persons with PKD have many clusters of cysts in the kidneys. What exactly triggers the cysts to form is unknown.
2013年11月1日星期五
How to treatment renal failure?
Prevention is always the goal with kidney failure. Chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetesare devastating because of the damage that they can do to kidneys and other organs. Lifelong diligence is important in keeping blood sugar and blood pressure within normal limits. Specific treatments are dependent upon the underlying diseases.Once kidney failure is present, the goal is to prevent further deterioration of renal function. If ignored, the kidneys will progress to complete failure, but if underlying illnesses are addressed and treated aggressively, kidney function can be preserved, though not always improved.
Kidney failure can be a gradual process and symptoms may not be seen until the disease is very advanced. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to remove waste and maintain fluid balance in the body. Without some form of treatment, this would result in death. The two types of treatment for kidney failure are dialysis or transplantation.
There are two different kinds of dialysis: hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. During hemodialysis, tubes connect the patient to a machine that filters the blood. Hemodialysis is usually done three times a week for 3-4 hours each time. It is usually done at a dialysis center, although in some cases families can be trained to do the treatment at home. People on hemodialysis must adhere to a strict diet, restrict their fluid intake and may feel unwell especially after dialysis.
Peritoneal dialysis uses the abdominal cavity membrane called the peritoneal membrane to filter the blood. During this type of dialysis, a tube is placed permanently into the abdomen. During treatment, a fluid called dialysate is infused into the abdominal cavity. Waste and extra fluid move into the dialysate and after a few hours, the fluid is drained out. This is called an exchange. Patients can do 4-5 exchanges per day, or the exchanges may be done at night with the help of a machine that cycles the exchanges while the person is sleeping.
There are two different kinds of dialysis: hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. During hemodialysis, tubes connect the patient to a machine that filters the blood. Hemodialysis is usually done three times a week for 3-4 hours each time. It is usually done at a dialysis center, although in some cases families can be trained to do the treatment at home. People on hemodialysis must adhere to a strict diet, restrict their fluid intake and may feel unwell especially after dialysis.
Peritoneal dialysis uses the abdominal cavity membrane called the peritoneal membrane to filter the blood. During this type of dialysis, a tube is placed permanently into the abdomen. During treatment, a fluid called dialysate is infused into the abdominal cavity. Waste and extra fluid move into the dialysate and after a few hours, the fluid is drained out. This is called an exchange. Patients can do 4-5 exchanges per day, or the exchanges may be done at night with the help of a machine that cycles the exchanges while the person is sleeping.
what is Symptoms of esrd?
End-stage renal disease is when the kidneys permanently fail to work.
Symptoms may include:
General ill feeling and fatigue
Itching (pruritus) and dry skin
Headaches
Weight loss without trying
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Other symptoms may include:
Abnormally dark or light skin
Nail changes
Bone pain
Drowsiness and confusion
Problems concentrating or thinking
Numbness in the hands, feet, or other areas
Muscle twitching or cramps
Breath odor
Easy bruising, nosebleeds, or blood in the stool
Excessive thirst
Frequent hiccups
Low level of sexual interest and impotence
Menstrual periods stop (amenorrhea)
Sleep problems, such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome, or obstructive sleep apnea
Swelling of the feet and hands (edema)
Vomiting, especially in the morning
Weight loss
Nausea or vomiting
General malaise
Fatigue
Headache
Hiccups
Itching
Decreased urination
Easy bruising or bleeding
Lethargy
Difficulty breathing
Seizures
Symptoms may remain mild or absent until kidney function drops to less than 20% of normal.
Dialysis is urgent when one or more of the following occurs:
Inflammation of the covering of the heart
Fluid overload or congestive heart failure
(CHF) that cannot be managed with medications. In CHF, fluid backs up into the lungs, legs and other parts of the body.
Dangerous elevations of potassium, sodium or acids in the blood. These substances can affect how other organs function.
Confusion, decreased alertness or seizures
Bleeding related to kidney failure that cannot be improved through other means
Severe, unrelenting nausea and vomiting
Dialysis may also be necessary if symptoms affect quality of life or nutritional status. This is especially true if they are accompanied by severely abnormal blood tests.
Symptoms may include:
General ill feeling and fatigue
Itching (pruritus) and dry skin
Headaches
Weight loss without trying
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Other symptoms may include:
Abnormally dark or light skin
Nail changes
Bone pain
Drowsiness and confusion
Problems concentrating or thinking
Numbness in the hands, feet, or other areas
Muscle twitching or cramps
Breath odor
Easy bruising, nosebleeds, or blood in the stool
Excessive thirst
Frequent hiccups
Low level of sexual interest and impotence
Menstrual periods stop (amenorrhea)
Sleep problems, such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome, or obstructive sleep apnea
Swelling of the feet and hands (edema)
Vomiting, especially in the morning
Weight loss
Nausea or vomiting
General malaise
Fatigue
Headache
Hiccups
Itching
Decreased urination
Easy bruising or bleeding
Lethargy
Difficulty breathing
Seizures
Symptoms may remain mild or absent until kidney function drops to less than 20% of normal.
Dialysis is urgent when one or more of the following occurs:
Inflammation of the covering of the heart
Fluid overload or congestive heart failure
Dangerous elevations of potassium, sodium or acids in the blood. These substances can affect how other organs function.
Confusion, decreased alertness or seizures
Bleeding related to kidney failure that cannot be improved through other means
Severe, unrelenting nausea and vomiting
Dialysis may also be necessary if symptoms affect quality of life or nutritional status. This is especially true if they are accompanied by severely abnormal blood tests.
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- Kidney Disease Treatment
- Kidney Disease Symptoms and Treatments
- Beijing Tongshantang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Polycystic Kidney Disease(PKD) Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- Nephrotic Syndrome Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- Lupus Nephritis Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- Kidney Cyst Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- IgA Nephropathy Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- Hypertensive Nephropathy Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- Diabetic Nephropathy Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease Symptoms, Treatment, Diet and Life Expectancy
- Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease Overview
- End Stage Renal Disease(ESRD) Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- Chronic Kidney Disease Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
- FSGS Basics, Symptoms, Treatment, Tests and Healthy Lifestyle
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