Diabetic nephropathy

description
Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease resulting in kidney failure in term and dialysis (blood purification by a machine several times per week). Diabetic nephropathy or glomerular disease affects diabetics and is becoming a risk factor for premature death due to other complications of diabetes Diabetes Disease resulting among others in a permanent rise in blood glucose (sugar in the blood), an glucose greater than 1.26 g / liter of blood. We differentiate two forms of diabetes, according to their origin. Type 1 diabetes is associated with an absolute insulin deficiency and its treatment "for life" requires insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes is a difficulty of sugar to enter the Immunotherapy. This form of diabetes is reversible and sometimes treated with medicines taken orally. (cardiac complication in particular). It is part of so-called microvascular complications (damage to the small blood vessels). Screening is essential to research protein in the urine by regular urine test strips.
causes
The exact cause of diabetic nephropathy is unknown but it is believed that uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to the occurrence of kidney damage, especially when blood pressure is also present. In some cases, your genes or family history may also play a role. Not all people with diabetes develop this condition.
Each kidney is composed of hundreds of thousands of filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron is a cluster of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus. Together these structures help remove waste from the body. Too much blood sugar can damage these structures, causing them to thicken and become scarred. Slowly, over time, the blood vessels increasingly destroyed. Kidney structures begin to leak and protein (albumin) begins to pass into the urine.
People with diabetes who have the following risk factors are more likely to develop this condition:
African American, Hispanic, or American Indian origin
Family history of kidney disease or high blood pressure
Poor control of blood pressure
Poor control of blood sugar
Type 1 diabetes before age 20 years
symptoms
1.œdème: swelling, usually around the eyes in the morning, later the general body swelling may result, such as leg swelling
2. foamy appearance or excessive foaming urine (caused by proteinura)
3. unintentional weight gain (fluid accumulation)
4. anorexia (loss of appetite)
5. nausea and vomiting
6. malaise (feeling sick)
7. fatigue
8. headaches
9. frequent hiccups
10. generalized pruritus
diagnosis
Hypertension is often along with diabetic nephropathy. You can have high blood pressure that develops rapidly or is difficult to control.
Laboratory tests that may be performed include:
BUN
Serum creatinine
The levels of these tests will increase as kidney damage gets worse. Other laboratory tests that may be performed include:
Protein in the urine 24 hours
Blood levels of phosphorus, calcium, bicarbonate, PTH, and potassium
hemoglobin
hematocrit
Protein electrophoresis - urine
A kidney biopsy confirms the diagnosis. However, your doctor can diagnose the condition without a biopsy if you meet the following three conditions:
Persistent protein in the urine
Diabetic retinopathy
No other kidney or renal tract disease
A biopsy can be done, however, if there is any doubt in the diagnosis.
treatments
The goals of treatment are to slow the progression of kidney damage and control related complications. The main treatment, once established proteinuria, drugs ACE inhibitors, which generally reduces the level of proteinuria and slows the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Characteristic treatments
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy
immunotherapy
immunotherapy
complications
Possible complications:
• Hypoglycemia (from the insulin decreased excretion)
• chronic renal failure booming
• End-stage renal disease
• hyperkalemia
• severe hypertension
• hemodialysis complications
• complications of renal transplantation
• coexistence of other diabetes complications
• peritonitis (if used peritoneal dialysis)

• an increase in infections